Sagemath

SageMath is a computer algebra system (CAS) with features covering many aspects of mathematics, including algebra, combinatorics, graph theory, numerical analysis, number theory, calculus and statistics.

Install the package:

sudo apt install sagemath

Check you can use it in your python virtual environment:

pip install sagemath

For writing stand-alone Python scripts that use the Sage library:

#!/usr/bin/env sage

import sys
from sage.all import *

if len(sys.argv) != 2:
    print("Usage: %s <n>" % sys.argv[0])
    print("Outputs the prime factorization of n.")
    sys.exit(1)

print(factor(sage_eval(sys.argv[1])))

Troubleshooting

SAGE_ROOT must be in your PATH.